Trang Chủ Về danh sách đề
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC

Dành cho thí sinh thi vào các trường: THPT Chuyên Phan Bội Châu

ĐỀ THI CHUYÊN ANH TỈNH NGHỆ AN NĂM HỌC 2026-2027

TIẾNG ANH (CHUYÊN)

Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút

Kết quả

SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 1

Listen and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 1
Transcript — SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 1
Pete: Hi, good morning. My name is Pete. How can I help you?
Maria: Hi, My name is Maria Lincoln. I understand you hire out rooms in the community center as venues for parties.
Pete: Yes, we do. We vary a sized accommodation. It depends on what you’re looking for really.
Maria: We’re looking to hold a party. A children’s birthday party. And we need a room that will hold about 70 people with space for a small disco area, games, dancing, and food.
Pete: Well, we have a large room and it would certainly hold at least a hundred people comfortably. It’s used a lot for parties and things like that.
Maria: That sounds as if it might be suitable. I’ve tried various venues and they’re either booked up and they don’t hold enough people.
Pete: Can you tell me when you were thinking of holding the party?
Maria: I know it’s short notice, but we wanted to hold it on Saturday week, that’s September 15.
Pete: Let’s have a look. Yes, you’re in luck. The Mandela Suite is free then.
Maria: I’ll just write that down. M-a-n-d-e-l-a.
Pete: And the time, when were you thinking of holding it?
Maria: In the afternoon. From 3:30 PM to 9:00 p.m.
Pete: Yes, ok. There’s no smoking on the premises and we’re only licensed to have soft drinks.
Maria: That’s okay. I think I’m happy to go ahead.
Pete: Can you just get your postcode?
Maria: Yes, it’s P A 5 7 G J.
Pete: Fine and the flat and street number.
Maria: It’s flat number 40 and the street number is 35.
Pete: Okay. So that’s flat 40, 35 Beecher Street.
Maria: Yes. That’s right.
Pete: And a contact number.
Maria: My landline is two 2 three 2 seven, nine with the code. But I’ll give you my mobile number, which is zero, seven, eight, nine, seven, two nine, three three, eight one.
Pete: Okay, two nine, three three, eight One.
Maria: Can you tell me how much it will cost?
Pete: It’s quite reasonable, actually. It’s a hundred and fifteen pounds for the hire of the room with tables and chairs. But if you want to hire disco equipment, we’ve got a basic system with speakers and other equipment for 25 pounds, but there’s no technician around in case anything goes wrong. And of course it’s optional.
Maria: Hmm.. That would save us carting something from home, but maybe we should bring a spare sound system. Just in case.
Pete: We’ve never had any problem with the system, but you might not want to take any chances. What about catering?
Maria: Well, we had thought of getting everyone bringing something.
Pete: We’ve someone who can do catering for 9 pounds ahead, including the cake required?
Maria: That’s handy. But it’s a lot as we have a fairly tight budget.
Pete: So, you wanna go ahead with the booking?
Maria: Yes, certainly.
Pete: Okay. I need to take a deposit of 30 pounds which is refundable. The balance needs to be paid two days before the event at the latest.
Maria: Fine.
Pete: You can cancel up to two days before. But after that, you lose the deposit.
Maria: We don’t intend to cancel. But is there any insurance we can take out?
Pete: Yes, there’s a form here, somewhere.
COMMUNITY CENTRE BOOKING FORM
- Reason for choosing this venue: Other venues were either too small for about 70 guests or completely (1)______.
- Maximum room capacity: The large room can hold at least (2)______ people comfortably.
- Room booked: The (3)______.
- Drinks allowed: Because of licensing rules, guests may only have (4)______ on the premises.
- Customer’s postcode: (5)______.
- Customer’s mobile number: 07897 (6)______.
- Equipment arrangement: Maria will hire the venue’s disco equipment but may bring a spare (7)______ just in case.
- Food arrangement: Maria turned down the catering offer because of a fairly (8)______.
- Payment rule: The remaining (9)______ must be paid at least two days before the event.
- Cancellation rule: A late cancellation will cost Maria her (10)______.

Reason for choosing this venue: Other venues were either too small for about 70 guests or completely ______.

Maximum room capacity: The large room can hold at least ______ people comfortably.

Room booked: The ______.

Drinks allowed: Because of licensing rules, guests may only have ______ on the premises.

Customer’s postcode: ______.

Customer’s mobile number: 07897 ______.

Equipment arrangement: Maria will hire the venue’s disco equipment but may bring a spare ______ just in case.

Food arrangement: Maria turned down the catering offer because of a fairly ______.

Payment rule: The remaining ______ must be paid at least two days before the event.

Cancellation rule: A late cancellation will cost Maria her ______.

SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 2

You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about events and services related to money. WHILE LISTENING TO EACH SPEAKER, YOU MUST COMPLETE BOTH TASKS, TASK 1 AND TASK 2 AT THE SAME TIME. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 2
Transcript — SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 2
Speaker 1: Have you ever heard of Gamers for Giving? It’s a gaming tournament held in Michigan, which founder Zach Wigal describes as a ‘celebration of gaming culture’. Well, that’s right up my street anyway, but to make it 100 times more worthwhile, the proceeds of around half a million dollars go to Gamers Outreach, who place ‘Gaming Go-Karts’ in Children’s hospitals. These are robust gaming systems with the latest software that can be wheeled into a patient’s room to give access to what Wigal calls ‘recreation therapy’. Volunteers act as digital activity managers, distributing games, solving technical issues and even playing with the kids. Sounds like the perfect excuse to have some fun!
Speaker 2: Apparently, these days there’s a drive to start ‘money management’ skills earlier and earlier. I don’t think we ever thought about money management when I was a kid, apart from which sweets to buy with our pocket money, but this organisation called Coalition for Personal Economic Literacy has set up so-called ‘standards in economic education’ for children from kindergarten upwards. According to them, a fourth grader should be able to understand how basic pay and tax deductions work. By the age of 12, they are supposed to understand about government benefits and earned versus unearned income. To my mind, kids should be kids. They have plenty of time to learn about all that when they’re older.
Speaker 3: It seems unlikely in these days of digital reselling that people still get up early on a Saturday morning to go to a muddy field or carpark to rummage through stuff other people are throwing out. Or so I thought. They do say ‘one man’s trash is another man’s treasure’ and this seems to apply perfectly to car boot sales. There’s something in the atmosphere which sets them apart from other shopping experiences. There’s always the remote but thrilling chance that you might find the bargain of a lifetime. I love the amateur entrepreneurship and good-natured haggling at these events. It’s fascinating to see what other people are selling, and buying.
Speaker 4: Recently I attended a free business seminar. While I was registering for it, I was asking myself how on earth the organisers could put on such an event without charging for admission. I mean, surely they’d have to rent the venue and pay the speakers? What was the point? I attended the event with that question in mind and I soon had it answered. There were lots of paid extras on offer, such as virtual reality experiences and consultations with experts. There was even a photo booth that let you share pictures of yourself on social media. Over the day, the organisers definitely weren’t out of pocket, and had certainly achieved their aim of getting themselves into the public eye.
Speaker 5: I have so many loyalty cards for different stores it’s getting out of hand. To be honest, I can’t keep track of them and don’t even know how they all work. So, I was interested to read an article about how research has shown that the savings for the customer are barely worth the effort of getting these cards. For example, you would have to shop in a particular supermarket every week for two years to get a free weekly shop. The ones that actually benefit from these schemes are the companies that operate them. The information they gain through the use of loyalty cards affords them major strategic and financial advantages. Given all this, I don’t think I’ll bother with them anymore.
TASK 1. Purpose of each event or service:
A. to teach children formal money skills before they are old enough to manage money independently
B. to collect useful data about shoppers while presenting the scheme as a customer reward
C. to use a free business event to gain publicity and offer paid extras
D. to promote leisure technology by presenting it as a kind of therapy
E. to allow people to buy and sell used personal items through face-to-face bargaining
F. to help children make simple spending choices with their pocket money
G. to use money from a gaming event to support recreation for children in hospital
H. to give regular shoppers savings large enough to make loyalty cards worthwhile

TASK 2. How each speaker feels about the event or service described:
A. disappointed after deciding that the customer reward is too small for the effort needed
B. annoyed by repeated technical problems with the event or service being described
C. attracted by the unexpected finds, bargaining and lively atmosphere of a face-to-face market
D. worried that children are being expected to learn adult money skills too early
E. uncomfortable with the organisers’ attempts to sell extra services during the event
F. slightly amused after realizing how a free event also serves promotional purposes
G. excited because the activity combines a personal hobby with helping other people
H. relieved to understand why a financially puzzling event could work in practice

TASK 1 - Question 1 (Speaker 1: Purpose of event/service)

TASK 1 - Question 2 (Speaker 2: Purpose of event/service)

TASK 1 - Question 3 (Speaker 3: Purpose of event/service)

TASK 1 - Question 4 (Speaker 4: Purpose of event/service)

TASK 1 - Question 5 (Speaker 5: Purpose of event/service)

TASK 2 - Question 6 (Speaker 1: Feeling about event/service)

TASK 2 - Question 7 (Speaker 2: Feeling about event/service)

TASK 2 - Question 8 (Speaker 3: Feeling about event/service)

TASK 2 - Question 9 (Speaker 4: Feeling about event/service)

TASK 2 - Question 10 (Speaker 5: Feeling about event/service)

SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 3

You will hear an interview in which two psychologists called Matthew Partridge and Emma Macedo are talking about the benefits of holidays. For questions 21–25, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 3
Transcript — SECTION A: LISTENING — PART 3
Presenter: My first guest today is psychologist Matthew Partridge, who’s written extensively on people’s reasons for wanting to go on holiday. Matthew, why is it that we love our holidays so much?
Matthew: Because we really value them, and of course many adults still cherish happy memories of childhood holidays. But as to why, well it’s largely dependent on the age of the person you’re interviewing. There are lots of common answers, like having carefree time in an unfamiliar place. Adults love having quality time with their kids, who in turn are actually more interested in exciting stuff like roller-coaster rides, or sensory experiences like splashing in the sea. In contrast, for adults it’s almost the reverse; what they most value is the calm, quiet time where they don’t have to do anything! The other end of the spectrum, as it were.
Presenter: Sure. Well, my second guest is also a psychologist. Emma Macedo, welcome to the show.
Emma: Thank you.
Presenter: Emma, work has been done to measure the fun people have on holiday. Tell us about that.
Emma: Yes, there was a study in the Netherlands, and in order to get a meaningful picture of a complex issue, several hundred holidaymakers were interviewed about their enjoyment of their holidays. And what emerged from that was the notion of a holiday happiness curve. For the first say ten percent of the time, people often report a lower mood, perhaps caused by congestion driving to the airport or something. This then improves for a substantial central section of the break, followed quite often by a quick dip, perhaps as it dawns on people that it’s coming to an end. But they tend to enjoy the closing stages, perhaps trying to make the most of the time remaining, or even looking forward to getting back home again.
Presenter: How easy or difficult is it to interpret tourists’ accounts of their enjoyment levels during their holidays?
Matthew: It tends to be very tricky. I once asked groups of tourists on a five-day cycling tour of Scotland to keep diaries on their travels, which I would then use for my research. I did the same with groups on a three-week cruise of the Arctic too, and conducted follow-up interviews on their return home. Many of the diary entries focused to quite a substantial extent on the daily obstacles encountered. But when I spoke to them later, these snags that had marred the excursion at the time were rapidly forgotten, and their recollections were overwhelmingly positive. So they had what we can call a rose-tinted view of their time away.
Presenter: So, researching holiday experience can be more complex. What do you both think?
Emma: Absolutely. Depending on what kind of job a person has, if they’ve got deadlines to get out of the way before their holiday, this can lead to stress. But it’s questionable whether that stress should be seen as being holiday-related, rather than work-related.
Matthew: And similarly, people can come back from their holidays feeling fantastic, having totally forgotten about work for a week, like Emma was describing. But the moment they walk back into their office, there’s this backlog of work that confronts them. And that can give rise to negative feelings. But again, should this be put down to the holiday? Or just treated as a sort of side-effect of having been away? I think you could argue either way.
Presenter: I see. Any tips for getting the most out of our holidays?
Matthew: Various things. One is to immerse yourself in the place you’re going to visit ahead of the trip, for example by reading a novel set there, or studying the guidebook. And if possible, don’t restrict yourself to just one holiday a year if you really want to get the psychological benefit that traveling can have, for yourself and your travel companions.
Emma: Sure, people tend to have holidays only occasionally because of the cost, the logistics, and all the time required to make plans. But ideally, we should be doing the opposite. And it’s easier to get the trip you want if you reserve well ahead, while there’s plenty of availability. That’s assuming you already know who you’ll be wanting to go with of course!
Presenter: Great. Thank you both very much.

What does Matthew suggest about adults’ reasons for valuing holidays?

What point does Emma make about the “holiday happiness curve”?

What did Matthew’s diary research suggest about tourists’ accounts of their holidays?

What do Matthew and Emma agree makes holiday research difficult to interpret?

What advice do Matthew and Emma both support at the end of the interview?

SECTION B: LEXICO - GRAMMAR - PART 1

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Write your answer A, B, C or D in the boxes provided.

It was the first time in the history of this corporation that the board of directors ______ such a generous year-end bonus to all staff members.

Not until the chief accountant carefully analyzed the quarterly report ______ how serious the company’s financial deficit actually was.

The fire alarm ______ accidentally in the middle of the night, waking up all the hotel guests.

Despite the ______ schedule, the delegates managed to cover all the pressing issues on the agenda.

The athlete managed to win the gold medal ______ he was still recovering from a severe knee injury.

The health department requires that all medical equipment _________ thoroughly after each surgical procedure.

We were driving along the highway when a deer jumped in front of our car entirely ______.

Grammar (33) · twice a year / once every two years / twice a month / every other month

Grammar (34) · utterly miserable / rather uncertain / on top of the world / under the weather

Choose the option from A, B, C, or D that best completes the following exchange.
Tom and Mary are discussing the impact of technology.
Tom: “I think artificial intelligence will completely change the way we work in the future.”
Mary: “______. Most routine tasks in our office are already being automated.”

SECTION B: LEXICO - GRAMMAR - PART 2

The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify and correct the mistakes. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1 In our contemporary, technologically saturated environment, constant smartphone
2 notifications have a severe affect on mental health and academic performance. A
3 growing reliance in digital gadgets makes it increasingly difficult for students to maintain
4 focus, especially when one notification is followed almost immediately by another.
5 For many youngsters, spending a weekend at a screen-free retreat is benefiting.
6 The idea may seem intimidating at first, particularly for those who are constantly
7 connected to social networks. Yet stepping away from cyberspace can strengthen face-
8 to-face relationships and encourage an unique appreciation of outdoor activities.
9 Despite they may worry about missing messages or being socially cut off at first, most
10 participants soon find that the initial unease begins to fade.
11 Health professions often recommend leaving all digital devices outside the bedroom,
12 especially during the final hour before sleep. This habit protects sleep at a time
13 which the body needs deep rest and recovery, and it stops users from letting persuasive
14 algorithms to control their attention.
15 Regular periods away from screens can also reduce mental exhaustion. If teenagers
16 commits to establishing clear technological boundaries, they are more likely to use
17 digital tools with purpose rather than out of habit. The goal is to use devices in a highly
18 mindfully and balanced way.

Line 2: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 3: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 5: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 8: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 9: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 11: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 13: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 14: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 16: Identify and correct the mistake.

Line 18: Identify and correct the mistake.

SECTION B: LEXICO - GRAMMAR - PART 3

Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

E-Learning Platforms
E-learning is a digital educational framework that enables students to access virtual courses enriched with interactive quizzes, videos, and discussion forums. The rise of online learning can be attributed to its appeal to modern students who appreciate its flexible interface, (1)____ content and opportunities for self-paced study. (STIMULATE)
In recent years, e-learning has developed into a (2)______ phenomenon, with its use becoming increasingly (3)______ among learners in both urban and rural areas. (GLOBE / WIDE)
This broad access has made e-learning one of the most convenient educational methods across the country. Its popularity has also accelerated the (4)______ of digital educators who use these platforms to reach larger classes and share their academic expertise. (EMERGE)
The system is particularly popular among high schoolers and working professionals who value its (5)______ to foster adaptability, critical thinking, and technical skills. (CAPABLE)
Furthermore, the platform’s course (6)______ feature plays a significant role in this success, allowing users to discover new subjects tailored to their career goals and (7)_____. (RECOMMEND / EXPECT)
Virtual education's rise has not been without (8)______, however. Critics raise concerns about the system's potential to compromise academic integrity and cause repeated (9)______ among students lacking direct teacher supervision. (CRITICAL / UNDERSTAND)
Despite these concerns, online learning continues to be in (10)______ use among learners of different age groups nationwide. (EXTEND)

Virtual education’s rise has not been without (8) ______, however. (CRITICAL)

SECTION C: READING - PART 1

Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

As the world's population continues to grow, more and more people are migrating to cities. While urban living offers a(n) (1)______ of opportunities, it can also have a profound impact on our mental well-being. On the one hand, cities are vibrant and culturally rich, providing endless possibilities for entertainment and career advancement. However, the constant noise, pollution, and fast-paced lifestyle can take a (2)____on our health.
Research has shown that city dwellers are more (3) ______ to stress and anxiety compared to those living in rural areas. The sheer volume of daily stimuli can be (4) ______, leaving individuals feeling exhausted and drained at the end of the day. Furthermore, despite being surrounded by millions of strangers, it is surprisingly easy to feel isolated and (5) ______ in a metropolis. This sense of urban loneliness is a growing concern among psychologists today.
To (6)______ these negative effects, experts recommend spending regular time in green spaces. Parks and botanical gardens act as an oasis, offering a much-needed (7)______ from the concrete jungle. Regular exposure to nature has been proven to lower blood pressure and improve overall mood. (8)______ these findings, modern city planners are increasingly incorporating natural elements into urban design.
In addition to green spaces, fostering a sense of community is crucial. (9)______ urban life definitely has its challenges, it is entirely possible to thrive in a large city (10)______ we prioritize our mental health and make a conscious effort to stay connected to nature and to each other.

Choose the best word for blank (1):

Choose the best word for blank (2):

Choose the best word for blank (3):

Choose the best word for blank (4):

Choose the best word for blank (5):

Choose the best word for blank (6):

Choose the best word for blank (7):

Choose the best word for blank (8):

Choose the best word for blank (9):

Choose the best word for blank (10):

SECTION C: READING - PART 2

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD in each space. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

THE FALLIBILITY OF HUMAN MEMORY
Memory is not a faithful recording device but a highly malleable reconstruction. We all harbour an innate desire to trust our recollections, seeking solace in the continuity of our personal narratives. For neuroscientists, unravelling the mechanics of memory is crucial for dispelling the seductive (1)______ of infallibility. By scrutinizing these cognitive flaws, individuals can learn to utterly divorce themselves from the self-serving narratives to which they have long been (2)______ and develop a more grounded sense of self.
(3)______ as we might wish to view memory as a pristine archive, it is perhaps more apt to liken it (4)______ a constantly shifting kaleidoscope. Contemporary psychologists are striving to definitively render such outdated misconceptions (5)______ and void, incorporating cognitive behavioural strategies to build resilient psyches.
Pioneering researchers have played an instrumental role in reshaping the (6)______ to which eyewitness testimony is trusted. Their groundbreaking work (7)______ the lie to the notion that we can perfectly recall our pasts, making memory a highly contested domain in jurisprudence.
Deciphering memory errors like the Mandela effect necessitates (8)______ less than a profound re-evaluation of human consciousness. By delving into suggestibility, we can better comprehend modern-day phenomena like the rapid spread of misinformation. (9)______ all intents and purposes, our recollection of the past is (10)______ but a perfect ledger; it is a precarious, living tapestry of our present state of mind.

SECTION C: READING - PART 3

Read an extract from an article and choose the answer A, B, C or D that fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

The Chronopolitical Misreading of Adolescent Sleep
One of the more durable assumptions in modern schooling and parenting is that adolescent lethargy is, at bottom, a failure of discipline. The chronically somnolent teenager is still routinely interpreted as obstinate, indulgent or insufficiently trained into adult habits of punctuality. Yet chronobiology complicates that moral story. During puberty, the adolescent sleep cycle undergoes an ontogenetic phase shift: melatonin secretion is delayed, sleep pressure accumulates differently, and early-morning alertness becomes physiologically harder to achieve. What adults often read as recalcitrance may therefore be better understood as a biological rhythm being forced into an institutionally convenient timetable.
The difficulty is not merely that teenagers go to bed late and wake late. Rather, their internal timing system is repeatedly made to oscillate between incompatible regimes: school-week obligations impose exogenous demands, while weekends allow the endogenous drive to reassert itself. “Catch-up sleep” can reduce the subjective feeling of exhaustion, but it does not necessarily restore temporal stability. Indeed, the very alternation between deprivation and compensation produces what researchers often call social jetlag: a metabolic and cognitive cost generated less by a single late night than by the repeated wrenching of the body clock between competing schedules.
Nor is this phase delay simply a pathology of smartphones or electric light. Evolutionary accounts remain necessarily inferential, but anthropological evidence suggests that staggered sleep patterns may have had adaptive value in pre-industrial communities, where the wakefulness of adolescents could contribute to collective vigilance while older adults slept. Whether or not this explanation is exhaustive, it undercuts the claim that teenage nocturnality is a recent moral decay. Digital culture can certainly intensify the problem, but it amplifies a pre-existing biological disposition rather than inventing it.
That distinction matters because circadian misalignment does not manifest with uniform severity. In communities where artificial light plays a limited role, the symptoms may be less conspicuous; in screen-saturated societies, they may be magnified. Yet mitigation is not eradication. A teenager may develop excellent sleep hygiene, limit evening screen exposure and maintain a consistent bedtime, but such discipline works within the parameters of a shifted biological system. It can reduce friction between biology and schedule; it cannot convert adolescent chronobiology into adult chronobiology on command.
The developmental stakes are considerable. Chronic sleep deprivation often coincides with a period in which the prefrontal cortex is still maturing, and restorative sleep supports memory consolidation as well as emotional regulation. The point is not that adolescents are neurologically defective. It is that a biologically ordinary phase becomes costly when institutions systematically require young people to perform cognitive labour at times when their bodies are least prepared for it. The problem lies in the collision between developmental timing and social timing.
Nevertheless, adult society tends to treat its own timetable as neutral. Early rising is associated with maturity, diligence and moral seriousness, while sleeping late is made to signify carelessness or sloth. This hierarchy is not simply descriptive; it is institutionally reinforced. Corporate hours, school bells and transport systems all confer an aura of normality on adult schedules, making them appear biologically superior when they may merely be socially privileged. Adult chronotypes themselves are diverse, but that diversity is partly obscured by the fact that institutions are built around adult working rhythms.
This helps explain why school start-time reform remains contentious. Examples such as Edina Public Schools in Minnesota and the Seattle School District are not proof that every reform produces identical outcomes, nor do they abolish the adolescent phase delay itself. Their significance is more modest but more philosophically unsettling: they show that the early timetable is not a law of nature. Institutional arrangements can be altered when they are made to answer to neurobiological evidence rather than inherited habits of adult convenience.
The larger question, then, is not whether teenagers should be excused from responsibility. Sleep hygiene, digital boundaries and personal routines remain important. But a society that treats adolescent biology as a character defect mistakes compliance for maturity and convenience for truth. If education is to be genuinely developmental, it must ask not only how young people can adapt to institutions, but also when institutions should be recalibrated to fit the young people they claim to serve.

According to the first paragraph, what is the author’s main objection to the conventional interpretation of adolescent lethargy?

What does the discussion of “catch-up sleep” and “social jetlag” suggest?

What role does the evolutionary discussion in paragraph 3 play in the author’s argument?

Which distinction is most important to the author’s argument in paragraph 4?

What is the author’s point about the neurological evidence in paragraph 5?

Which distinction is most central to the author’s argument across the passage?

Why does the author mention Edina Public Schools and the Seattle School District?

Which statement best captures the author’s qualification of school start-time reform?

SECTION C: READING - PART 4

Read the following passage and do the tasks below.

THE PERFORMATIVE IDENTITY OF THE DIGITAL ADOLESCENT
Section A
The contemporary adolescent does not merely use digital platforms; increasingly, he or she becomes socially legible through them. Identity is no longer formed only through classroom encounters, family rituals or neighbourhood friendships, but through a semi-public arena in which the self is continuously displayed, interpreted and corrected. Smartphones have collapsed the distinction between private experimentation and public performance: an awkward opinion, an unflattering image or an unguarded joke may be archived, circulated and judged long after the moment has passed. In this sense, social media has become less a communicative accessory than an infrastructure of adolescent selfhood, turning identity formation into a process of perpetual visibility.
Section B
This digital visibility is powerful because it attaches itself to an old biological need. Adolescents have always been unusually sensitive to peer evaluation; evolutionary psychologists often interpret this sensitivity as part of a broader drive toward social belonging and group acceptance. What digital platforms do is not create this need ex nihilo, but translate it into quantifiable signals. Likes, shares, comments and follower counts transform belonging into a dashboard of social worth. The adolescent is therefore not simply “seeking attention” in the crude sense. Rather, a developmentally normal hunger for recognition is converted into a measurable economy of approval, making social status appear both instantly visible and endlessly revisable.
Section C
The result is the emergence of a carefully managed performative self. Digital adolescents learn, often without explicit instruction, to anticipate how a future audience might interpret each image, caption or silence. The online persona must appear spontaneous while being painstakingly curated; it must seem authentic while suppressing precisely those awkward, contradictory and unfinished elements that make adolescence psychologically real. This labour of self-presentation can become corrosive. When the curated avatar begins to diverge too sharply from the lived self, teenagers may experience not simple vanity but a more destabilising dissonance: the sense that the version of themselves most rewarded by others is also the least truthful.
Section D
Yet the constant availability of others does not necessarily produce genuine intimacy. A teenager may be connected to hundreds of acquaintances and still lack relationships grounded in vulnerability, trust and sustained attention. Much online exchange is reciprocal only in the thinnest sense: one visible gesture is exchanged for another, while little emotional risk is actually taken. Such interactions can simulate recognition without requiring the depth of mutual presence on which intimacy depends. The paradox is therefore not that adolescents are isolated because they lack contact, but that they may be lonely precisely within networks that provide abundant contact while impoverishing its quality.
Section E
The psychological strain is intensified by the design of the platforms themselves. Their architecture is not neutral: it is calibrated to keep attention returning through variable rewards, intermittent reinforcement and dopaminergic feedback loops. These neurochemical mechanisms matter, but they are not the whole explanation. What makes the system especially insidious is that adolescent susceptibility is embedded in a commercial model that profits from prolonged engagement. Insecurity, curiosity and the fear of exclusion become monetisable resources. The compulsive scroll is therefore not merely a weakness of adolescent willpower; it is also the predictable outcome of environments engineered to make disengagement difficult.
Section F
A serious educational response cannot consist simply of confiscation or moral panic. Strict bans may reduce exposure in the short term, but they do little to teach young people how to interpret, challenge or resist the systems they will inevitably encounter. The more demanding task is to cultivate algorithmic literacy, metacognitive awareness and ethical digital agency. Adolescents need to understand how platforms rank information, manipulate attention and convert behaviour into data. Only then can they move from being passive objects of digital validation to critical participants capable of using technology without allowing it to define the terms of their self-worth.

Choose the correct heading for Section A:

Choose the correct heading for Section B:

Choose the correct heading for Section C:

Choose the correct heading for Section D:

Choose the correct heading for Section E:

Choose the correct heading for Section F:

The passage suggests that digital platforms do not generate adolescents’ need for recognition from nothing, but alter its social force by making approval measurable, visible and revisable.

The performative self is presented as harmful chiefly because adolescents deliberately falsify their identities in order to secure social dominance over their peers.

Adolescents who maintain strong offline social relationships are suggested to develop a more stable sense of identity than those whose primary social interactions are digital.

The passage presents neurochemical reinforcement as fully accounting for compulsive digital engagement, leaving no explanatory role for the commercial incentive structures of platforms.

The author’s objection to strict bans is not that they can never reduce exposure, but that they leave adolescents without the interpretive capacities needed for an unavoidable digital environment.

The passage reports that schools teaching algorithmic literacy have reduced students’ dependence on likes, comments and follower counts more effectively than schools relying on device restrictions.

SECTION D: WRITING — Part 1

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way. You must use between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given.

He resented the way she spoke to him. (EXCEPTION)
=> He ___________________________________________________________________ she spoke to him.

Everyone was in a deep sleep when the fire started. (SOUND)
=> Everyone ___________________________________________________________________ broke out.

The century-old firm may not survive if the impending economic recession deepens. (BALANCE)
=> The century-old firm’s _____________________________ as the impending economic recession deepens.

They accused John of breaking the window. (PUT)
=> They ______________________________________________________________________ the window.

The dense clouds parted just long enough for me to see the majestic comet briefly. (FLEETING)
=> I merely ____________________________________ the majestic comet before the clouds closed in again.

SECTION D: WRITING — Part 2

Write a letter of at least 200 words to the Editor responding to their article.

PART 2. A popular national educational magazine, Youth & Future, recently published an editorial arguing that all secondary schools should strictly ban the use of AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in order to prevent cheating and protect students' critical thinking. The magazine has invited student readers to submit letters sharing their views on this controversial issue.
Write a letter of at least 200 words to the Editor responding to their article.
In your letter, you should:
- explain why completely banning AI is not a wise solution in today’s technology-driven world;
- suggest better ways for schools to teach and assess students’ use of AI;
- persuade readers that using AI responsibly can prepare students better for future study and work.
Use your name and address as Thao Duong – 32 Minh Khai Street, Thanh Vinh Ward, Nghe An Province.

SECTION D: WRITING — Part 3

Write an essay of at least 300 words on the given topic.

PART 3. Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:
Some people argue that parents should organize their teenagers’ after-school time with extra classes and planned activities to guarantee their success in a highly competitive world. Others, however, believe that without completely free, unstructured time, teenagers will never learn how to manage themselves or discover their true passions.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Trang Chủ Về danh sách đề