ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC
Dành cho thí sinh thi vào các trường: THPT Chuyên Thái Bình
ĐỀ THI CHUYÊN ANH TỈNH THÁI BÌNH NĂM HỌC 2025-2026
TIẾNG ANH (CHUYÊN) — thí sinh chuyên Anh/Pháp/Trung/Hàn — 8 trang
Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút
Kết quả
SECTION A. LISTENING — Part 1 (Questions 1–5)
Listen to two people talking about accommodation at Sunnyside Holiday Park and fill in each blank with ONE WORD. You will hear the recording TWICE.
Listening Part 1 (cùng file)
Transcript — Listening Part 1 (cùng file)
Part 1.
Receptionist: Good morning. Sunnyside Holiday Park, this is Michael speaking. How can I help you?
Rachel: Oh hello, this is Rachel Becks. Could I just ask a few questions about your accommodation options, please?
Receptionist: Yes of course. We’ve got a range of options, depending on what you’re looking for.
Rachel: Well, I’m travelling with my husband and two children, so there are four of us.
Receptionist: So, we have our motel rooms, they’re double rooms at $205. They’re very popular.
Rachel: Do they look out over the lake?
Receptionist: In fact they look out in the other direction, so they’re directly facing the mountains out that way.
Rachel: Oh well that sounds just as good. But we’d need two rooms, so it’ll be quite expensive. Do you have anything that’s a bit cheaper?
Receptionist: Yes, we have studios. They’re $155 a night and have a double bed and a bunkbed.
Rachel: Any cooking facilities?
Receptionist: Well, there’s no kitchen as such. But there’s a kettle so you can make hot drinks and also a microwave which will obviously help if you want to prepare any snacks.
Rachel: And what about if we wanted to cook our own meals?
Receptionist: Then you’d need one of our Budget Units. They’re $222 a night and can sleep 4 people. They have a full kitchen with a fridge and everything.
Rachel: And a dishwasher?
Receptionist: Yes, absolutely.
Rachel: Mmm, well that sounds like it might be the one for us. Is bedding provided?
Receptionist: Yes, all the bedding and electric blankets are provided. But the towels, guests are required to supply their own.
Rachel: OK, that’s not a problem. And what about other facilities at the park. Is there a laundry?
Receptionist: Yes, we have a laundry. And there’s also a games room which is suitable for adults and children.
Rachel: Any outdoor activities for the younger ones?
Receptionist: The trampoline’s being repaired I’m afraid at the moment, so that’s not available, but there is a playground for children under 12.
Rachel: My kids will l love that. Well look, I’ll just need to discuss it with my husband and I’ll…
Receptionist: Good morning. Sunnyside Holiday Park, this is Michael speaking. How can I help you?
Rachel: Oh hello, this is Rachel Becks. Could I just ask a few questions about your accommodation options, please?
Receptionist: Yes of course. We’ve got a range of options, depending on what you’re looking for.
Rachel: Well, I’m travelling with my husband and two children, so there are four of us.
Receptionist: So, we have our motel rooms, they’re double rooms at $205. They’re very popular.
Rachel: Do they look out over the lake?
Receptionist: In fact they look out in the other direction, so they’re directly facing the mountains out that way.
Rachel: Oh well that sounds just as good. But we’d need two rooms, so it’ll be quite expensive. Do you have anything that’s a bit cheaper?
Receptionist: Yes, we have studios. They’re $155 a night and have a double bed and a bunkbed.
Rachel: Any cooking facilities?
Receptionist: Well, there’s no kitchen as such. But there’s a kettle so you can make hot drinks and also a microwave which will obviously help if you want to prepare any snacks.
Rachel: And what about if we wanted to cook our own meals?
Receptionist: Then you’d need one of our Budget Units. They’re $222 a night and can sleep 4 people. They have a full kitchen with a fridge and everything.
Rachel: And a dishwasher?
Receptionist: Yes, absolutely.
Rachel: Mmm, well that sounds like it might be the one for us. Is bedding provided?
Receptionist: Yes, all the bedding and electric blankets are provided. But the towels, guests are required to supply their own.
Rachel: OK, that’s not a problem. And what about other facilities at the park. Is there a laundry?
Receptionist: Yes, we have a laundry. And there’s also a games room which is suitable for adults and children.
Rachel: Any outdoor activities for the younger ones?
Receptionist: The trampoline’s being repaired I’m afraid at the moment, so that’s not available, but there is a playground for children under 12.
Rachel: My kids will l love that. Well look, I’ll just need to discuss it with my husband and I’ll…
Accommodation at Sunnyside Holiday Park
Motel rooms: $205; sleep 2; all rooms have a view of the (1) ______
Studios: $155; sleep 4; no kitchen but a kettle and a (2) ______
Budget units: $222; sleep 4; kitchen with a fridge and a (3) ______; need to bring your own (4) ______
Other facilities: laundry; games room; a (5) ______ for guests under 12
Motel rooms: $205; sleep 2; all rooms have a view of the (1) ______
Studios: $155; sleep 4; no kitchen but a kettle and a (2) ______
Budget units: $222; sleep 4; kitchen with a fridge and a (3) ______; need to bring your own (4) ______
Other facilities: laundry; games room; a (5) ______ for guests under 12
SECTION A. LISTENING — Part 2 (Questions 6–10)
Listen to a piece of news about cancer. Fill each blank with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Listening Part 2 (cùng file)
Transcript — Listening Part 2 (cùng file)
Part 2.
Today, cancer causes one in every seven deaths worldwide. But how does cancer start? And what is being done to combat it? Our bodies contain trillions of highly specialized cells. And each carries genes responsible for regulating cell growth and division. But when a genetic change disrupts this process, cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, thereby becoming cancer.
The genetic changes that cause cancer usually happen in three types of genes. Protoncogenes, which signal a cell to grow and divide. Tumor suppressor genes, which signal a cell to stop dividing. And DNA repair genes, which preserve and maintain genetic codes. Changes in these genes lead to abnormal cell growth, resulting in masses of tissues called tumors. Tumors may be benign, meaning that they remain in one area. Or malignant, which means that they are capable of spreading.
Through a process called metastasis, a malignant tumor’s cells will eventually break off, travel throughout the body, and begin forming tumors in other regions. When this happens, the cancer has become metastatic and is most dangerous.
The cause of cancer is still a mystery. Inherited traits may be behind some of the genetic changes that lead to the formation of cancer as cells. And so might environmental exposures, such as excessive radiation from the sun, or chemicals and cigarette smoke.
In the United States today, roughly one-third of all people will eventually develop cancer. The over 100 different types of cancer. Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent type, and lung cancer causes the most deaths. But our ability to fight cancer is improving. Since just the 1990s, cancer mortality rates have dropped more than 26% in the US, and more than 2 million lives have been saved. These treatments and methods of early detection improve, and doctors, scientists and the public better understand cancer, hope remains in the fight against the disease.
Today, cancer causes one in every seven deaths worldwide. But how does cancer start? And what is being done to combat it? Our bodies contain trillions of highly specialized cells. And each carries genes responsible for regulating cell growth and division. But when a genetic change disrupts this process, cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, thereby becoming cancer.
The genetic changes that cause cancer usually happen in three types of genes. Protoncogenes, which signal a cell to grow and divide. Tumor suppressor genes, which signal a cell to stop dividing. And DNA repair genes, which preserve and maintain genetic codes. Changes in these genes lead to abnormal cell growth, resulting in masses of tissues called tumors. Tumors may be benign, meaning that they remain in one area. Or malignant, which means that they are capable of spreading.
Through a process called metastasis, a malignant tumor’s cells will eventually break off, travel throughout the body, and begin forming tumors in other regions. When this happens, the cancer has become metastatic and is most dangerous.
The cause of cancer is still a mystery. Inherited traits may be behind some of the genetic changes that lead to the formation of cancer as cells. And so might environmental exposures, such as excessive radiation from the sun, or chemicals and cigarette smoke.
In the United States today, roughly one-third of all people will eventually develop cancer. The over 100 different types of cancer. Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent type, and lung cancer causes the most deaths. But our ability to fight cancer is improving. Since just the 1990s, cancer mortality rates have dropped more than 26% in the US, and more than 2 million lives have been saved. These treatments and methods of early detection improve, and doctors, scientists and the public better understand cancer, hope remains in the fight against the disease.
a genetic change (6) ______ the regulation of the growth…
tumors, which can be (7) ______ or malignant
(8) ______ and environmental factors may contribute
(9) ______ cancer being the most common
26% drop in cancer (10) ______ since the 1990s
SECTION A. LISTENING — Part 3 (Questions 11–15)
Listen to a report on frogs and choose A, B or C.
Listening Part 3 (cùng file)
Transcript — Listening Part 3 (cùng file)
Part 3.
Catherine Murray: Of course, none of us were around to witness the extinction of the dinosaurs, but scientists say that unless something is done to halt the spread of a disease, we may see the extinction of the frog. Peter Reynolds reports.
Peter: Pollution. Habitat destruction. Climate change. Scientists believe that these are some of the factors that have contributed to the dramatic decline in frog populations around the world. Many species of frogs are not just threatened with, but are already close to extinction. And frogs face yet another threat, an aquatic fungus that infects their skin. This fungus is accelerating the decline of the worldwide frog population. Biologist Catherine Murray is here to tell us more.
Catherine Murray: That’s right, Peter. It’s a skin disease called chitrid fungus, which coats a frog’s skin. This reduces a frog’s ability to absorb water, so frogs become ill and can eventually die from dehydration. Scientists speculate that this fungus began spreading globally as early as the 1930s, when researchers first shipped the African clawed frog around the world for medical uses. This African species, however, is immune to the fungus, so scientists believe that the fungus on the African frogs started attacking frog populations that weren’t immune. Many zoos are helping to combat the problem by starting captive breeding programs. This involves a zoo cleaning its frogs with an antifungal wash, then isolating them in order to prevent the possible spread of the fungus. The zoos will eventually return these uncontaminated frogs to their natural habitats. But scientists have yet to determine how to stop the spread of chitrid fungus in the wild. And that’s what is really needed.
Peter: It’s encouraging that there’s a conservation plan, but it looks like a solution needs to be found for eradicating the fungus in the wild before these healthy zoo frogs can be released. Is there anything else that can be done in the meantime?
Catherine Murray: Humans do contribute to the spread of this fungus, so it’s vital that we do our part. It’ll take international cooperation because each country must put strict quarantine procedures in place, that is, holding frog shipments between different countries until they know the frogs are healthy, and tightly controlling the shipment of frogs around the world. Governments need to enforce laws so we can be in the best position to stop the spread of chitrid fungus. Saving the frog is not just some cute feel-good cause. Frogs, all amphibians, are critical to maintaining balance in the world’s ecosystems. This is because they are vital to the control of insects in tropical regions. Furthermore, those insects can cause diseases in humans, so by saving the frog, we are ultimately helping to save ourselves.
Peter: Listeners interested in learning more about the zoos participating in the program to save frogs from the chitrid fungus should visit our website. As Dr. Murray said, we need to do our part, so please consider making a donation to an animal conservation group. Instructions are available on the website.
Catherine Murray: Of course, none of us were around to witness the extinction of the dinosaurs, but scientists say that unless something is done to halt the spread of a disease, we may see the extinction of the frog. Peter Reynolds reports.
Peter: Pollution. Habitat destruction. Climate change. Scientists believe that these are some of the factors that have contributed to the dramatic decline in frog populations around the world. Many species of frogs are not just threatened with, but are already close to extinction. And frogs face yet another threat, an aquatic fungus that infects their skin. This fungus is accelerating the decline of the worldwide frog population. Biologist Catherine Murray is here to tell us more.
Catherine Murray: That’s right, Peter. It’s a skin disease called chitrid fungus, which coats a frog’s skin. This reduces a frog’s ability to absorb water, so frogs become ill and can eventually die from dehydration. Scientists speculate that this fungus began spreading globally as early as the 1930s, when researchers first shipped the African clawed frog around the world for medical uses. This African species, however, is immune to the fungus, so scientists believe that the fungus on the African frogs started attacking frog populations that weren’t immune. Many zoos are helping to combat the problem by starting captive breeding programs. This involves a zoo cleaning its frogs with an antifungal wash, then isolating them in order to prevent the possible spread of the fungus. The zoos will eventually return these uncontaminated frogs to their natural habitats. But scientists have yet to determine how to stop the spread of chitrid fungus in the wild. And that’s what is really needed.
Peter: It’s encouraging that there’s a conservation plan, but it looks like a solution needs to be found for eradicating the fungus in the wild before these healthy zoo frogs can be released. Is there anything else that can be done in the meantime?
Catherine Murray: Humans do contribute to the spread of this fungus, so it’s vital that we do our part. It’ll take international cooperation because each country must put strict quarantine procedures in place, that is, holding frog shipments between different countries until they know the frogs are healthy, and tightly controlling the shipment of frogs around the world. Governments need to enforce laws so we can be in the best position to stop the spread of chitrid fungus. Saving the frog is not just some cute feel-good cause. Frogs, all amphibians, are critical to maintaining balance in the world’s ecosystems. This is because they are vital to the control of insects in tropical regions. Furthermore, those insects can cause diseases in humans, so by saving the frog, we are ultimately helping to save ourselves.
Peter: Listeners interested in learning more about the zoos participating in the program to save frogs from the chitrid fungus should visit our website. As Dr. Murray said, we need to do our part, so please consider making a donation to an animal conservation group. Instructions are available on the website.
What is the report mainly about?
- The importance of fungus to frog life
- Common habitats of frogs in the wild
- A decrease in worldwide frog populations
How does chytrid fungus affect frogs?
- It poisons their food supply.
- It harms their skin.
- It causes them to avoid water.
Why does the biologist mention zoos?
- to indicate the source of chytrid fungus.
- to compare the frog habitats in captivity to those in the wild.
- to explain where some frogs are being treated.
What does the biologist say about shipping frogs internationally?
- Governments should ban the shipping of frogs.
- Frogs should not be delivered until proven healthy.
- Healthy frogs should not be transported.
According to the reporter, how can listeners address the problem?
- by contributing to an animal organization.
- by contacting their government officials.
- by visiting their local zoos.
SECTION A. LISTENING — Part 4 T/F (Questions 16–20)
Listen to Jack and Trisha talking about sand. Decide T or F.
Listening Part 4 (cùng file)
Transcript — Listening Part 4 (cùng file)
Part 4.
Interviewer: Thanks for joining us in the studio today. As you know, this is one in our series on ecology and today’s programme is on sand: why people love beaches so much and how sand is being used for the construction industry. Jack, are you someone who loves going to the beach?
Jack: Absolutely, me and the vast majority of the population, I should think! A friend of mine’s an artist and loves painting by the sea at sunrise. He says it’s the intensity of the colours that’s special for him. I’m not sure about the claims that sea air is really good for your health. I think it’s mainly the unchanging quality of the coast that means people keep going back to it. What I’ve noticed is I fall asleep very easily when I can hear the sea crashing onto the shore again and again.
Interviewer: What about you Trisha?
Trisha: Well, I love sunbathing on a sandy beach. But I’ve just read an article about pop-up beaches - you know, these fake beaches that spring up each year in major cities. Truckloads of sand are brought in and dumped in open spaces. The article was extremely well-researched - the reporter had obviously looked into the subject in great depth. The conclusion was that people shouldn’t support these projects because taking the sand from natural beaches causes all of problems. I’m embarrassed that I went to one in London last year, and wouldn’t have gone if I’d known then what I know now. Getting cities to realise this and find alternative entertainments might be difficult, though.
Jack: Instead of taking sand from beaches, it’s been suggested they should be putting new sand on some beaches because the ocean currents are washing away huge amounts of sand in some places.
Trisha: But surely the crabs, sand worms and so on on the beach can’t survive huge amounts of new sand being piled on top of them?
Jack: I can’t see how they could. Even doing something more permanent, like constructing a seawall, has negative consequences for the environment.
Trisha: Yeah, it can create an unnatural sort of barrier between the ocean and the land.
Jack: I think because so many people are becoming city dwellers these days, there’s an enormous need for housing, and to make concrete, you need sand. And where’s that sand coming from? Our beaches and rivers. You can’t blame people for moving to cities because that’s where the jobs, schools and amenities are. And I’d imagine that many do, in fact, realise that other parts of the country ‘pay’ for that in a way, but choose to turn a blind eye to it.
Trisha: Yes, the damage to the ecology of an area when sand is removed from its beaches has a knock-on effect and I don’t mean things like a reduction in the income from tourism. In some places, when fish are disturbed, there’s less fish for local people to catch, so they can’t carry on being fishermen and have to move or try to find another job. That’s a really drastic personal and economic consequence. I also wonder if the weather is affected, you know, if water flows further inland and forms pools or lagoons - that might lead to more rain.
Interviewer: Thanks for joining us in the studio today. As you know, this is one in our series on ecology and today’s programme is on sand: why people love beaches so much and how sand is being used for the construction industry. Jack, are you someone who loves going to the beach?
Jack: Absolutely, me and the vast majority of the population, I should think! A friend of mine’s an artist and loves painting by the sea at sunrise. He says it’s the intensity of the colours that’s special for him. I’m not sure about the claims that sea air is really good for your health. I think it’s mainly the unchanging quality of the coast that means people keep going back to it. What I’ve noticed is I fall asleep very easily when I can hear the sea crashing onto the shore again and again.
Interviewer: What about you Trisha?
Trisha: Well, I love sunbathing on a sandy beach. But I’ve just read an article about pop-up beaches - you know, these fake beaches that spring up each year in major cities. Truckloads of sand are brought in and dumped in open spaces. The article was extremely well-researched - the reporter had obviously looked into the subject in great depth. The conclusion was that people shouldn’t support these projects because taking the sand from natural beaches causes all of problems. I’m embarrassed that I went to one in London last year, and wouldn’t have gone if I’d known then what I know now. Getting cities to realise this and find alternative entertainments might be difficult, though.
Jack: Instead of taking sand from beaches, it’s been suggested they should be putting new sand on some beaches because the ocean currents are washing away huge amounts of sand in some places.
Trisha: But surely the crabs, sand worms and so on on the beach can’t survive huge amounts of new sand being piled on top of them?
Jack: I can’t see how they could. Even doing something more permanent, like constructing a seawall, has negative consequences for the environment.
Trisha: Yeah, it can create an unnatural sort of barrier between the ocean and the land.
Jack: I think because so many people are becoming city dwellers these days, there’s an enormous need for housing, and to make concrete, you need sand. And where’s that sand coming from? Our beaches and rivers. You can’t blame people for moving to cities because that’s where the jobs, schools and amenities are. And I’d imagine that many do, in fact, realise that other parts of the country ‘pay’ for that in a way, but choose to turn a blind eye to it.
Trisha: Yes, the damage to the ecology of an area when sand is removed from its beaches has a knock-on effect and I don’t mean things like a reduction in the income from tourism. In some places, when fish are disturbed, there’s less fish for local people to catch, so they can’t carry on being fishermen and have to move or try to find another job. That’s a really drastic personal and economic consequence. I also wonder if the weather is affected, you know, if water flows further inland and forms pools or lagoons - that might lead to more rain.
Jack thinks the main reason people are attracted to beaches is because the sound of the waves is hypnotic.
When Trisha read an article about ‘pop-up’ beaches, she was ashamed of having visited one.
Jack and Trisha agree that adding fresh sand to beaches must be harmful to the wildlife there.
Jack mentions more people live in cities nowadays to criticise people’s lack of awareness of environmental issues.
Trisha is particularly concerned that removing sand may result in a change in the lifestyle of coastal communities.
SECTION B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR — Part 1 (Questions 21–35)
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
______, she went back to her room.
- There was no cause for alarm
- Without having cause for alarm
- There being no cause for alarm
- Being no cause for alarm
It is an ______ that the most talented artists often go completely unrecognized in their lifetime.
- irregularity
- eccentricity
- anomaly
- abnormality
My father supposes, ______, that he will be retiring at sixty.
- like most people did
- like most people will
- as are most people
- as do most people
The committee was insistent that the decision ______ to avoid potential consequences.
- be reversed
- was reversed
- will be reversed
- should reverse
______ results that differed from previous experiments, the researchers were shocked…
- Since the expectation of
- While they expected
- Although the expected
- Expected though they were
Rebecca Crittenden wrote several successful novels, ______ her beautifully illustrated children’s books that she is most famous for.
- yet they are
- and is it
- so these are
- but it is
He must have taken a wrong turn; otherwise, he ______ here an hour ago.
- would be arriving
- should arrive
- would have arrived
- arrived
Duke Ellington's orchestra, ______ his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.
- he played
- playing
- that it played
- was playing
Until a ______ agreement has been reached, I am not committed to accepting the offer.
- hard
- stable
- firm
- fickle
Their solution was both innovative and ______, allowing for long-term sustainability.
- profound
- viable
- ambitious
- illegible
In Europe, ______ most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport; adaptation to ______ motor car has involved adding ring roads…
- the/ a
- the/ no article
- no article/ the
- no article/ a
The cyberattack… is believed ______ by a group of hackers…
- to be launched
- to have launched
- to have been launched
- to be launching
…the manager tried to ______ to his subordinates…
- call it a day
- pass the buck
- read between the lines
- sit on the fence
The Red Cross is ______ an international aid organization.
- intriguingly
- intrusively
- intrinsically
- intrepidly
Crops are often completely destroyed by ______ of locusts.
- bands
- troupes
- swarms
- flocks
SECTION B — Word form (Questions 36–40)
Provide the correct form of the words in brackets.
Pablo Picasso is generally considered to be the (36. MOST) ______ figure of 20th century art… It is (37. CUSTOM) ______ to discuss Picasso’s works in terms of periods. In his Blue Period… social (38. CAST) ______… Picassos’ palette (39. BRIGHT) ______… His early cubist pictures show the (40. INSPIRE) ______ of primitive African statues…
Pablo Picasso is generally considered to be the (36. MOST) ______ figure of 20th century art… It is (37. CUSTOM) ______ to discuss Picasso’s works in terms of
Pablo Picasso is generally considered to be the (36. MOST) ______ figure of 20th century art… It is (37. CUSTOM) ______ to discuss Picasso’s works in terms of periods. In his Blue Period… social (38. CAST) ______
is (37. CUSTOM) ______ to discuss Picasso’s works in terms of periods. In his Blue Period… social (38. CAST) ______… Picassos’ palette (39. BRIGHT) ______… His early cubist pictures show the (40. INSPIRE) ___
icasso’s works in terms of periods. In his Blue Period… social (38. CAST) ______… Picassos’ palette (39. BRIGHT) ______… His early cubist pictures show the (40. INSPIRE) ______ of primitive African statues…
(38. CAST) ______… Picassos’ palette (39. BRIGHT) ______… His early cubist pictures show the (40. INSPIRE) ______ of primitive African statues…
SECTION B — Error correction (Questions 41–45)
Identify 5 mistakes and correct them. Example: Sentence 0 is→are.
(0) What is the abilities that a professional sports person needs? (1) To guarantee that opponents can be overcome, speed, stamina, and agility are essential, not to mention outstanding natural talent. (2) Both a rigorous and comprehensive fitness regime and a highly nutritional diet are vital for top-level performance. (3) It is carbohydrates, rather than proteins, that provide athletes with the endurance they need to compete. (4) This means that pasta is more beneficial than eggs or meat. (5) Such a diet enables them to move very energetically when requiring. (6) Failure to follow a sensible diet can result in the ability to maintain stamina. (7) Regular training to increase muscular strength is also a vital part of a professional’s regime, and this is typical done by exercising with weights. (8) Sports people are prone for injuries but a quality training regime can ensure that the severity of these can be minimised.
Sentence 2: a highly nutritional diet
Sentence 5: when requiring
Sentence 6: result in the ability to maintain stamina
Sentence 7: this is typical done
Sentence 8: prone for injuries
SECTION C. READING — Cloze (Questions 46–50)
Choose the best answer to fill each blank.
The media has a big (46) ______ on what people think and how they behave. That’s why it is important to think carefully about the information we read, watch, or listen to. (47) ______, the media can give us news, entertain us, and try to change our opinions.
One of the main purposes of the media is to provide people with important information about what is happening around them. (48) ______. The media also has the power to influence people’s opinions and behaviors…
In addition to informing, the media also entertains. (49) ______. Whether it's through movies, music or video games…
However, the media also has the potential to be misused… By evaluating the credibility of sources, identifying biases and seeking diverse perspectives, individuals can make (50) ______ decisions and avoid being manipulated.
One of the main purposes of the media is to provide people with important information about what is happening around them. (48) ______. The media also has the power to influence people’s opinions and behaviors…
In addition to informing, the media also entertains. (49) ______. Whether it's through movies, music or video games…
However, the media also has the potential to be misused… By evaluating the credibility of sources, identifying biases and seeking diverse perspectives, individuals can make (50) ______ decisions and avoid being manipulated.
- reaction
- consequence
- impact
- intention
- Whether it is newspapers, television, or online platforms
- That it is newspapers, television, or online platforms
- Which includes newspapers, television, or online platforms
- Whatever platform it uses, which includes newspapers, television, and the internet
- This helps people understand the world and make better decisions in their daily lives.
- That helps people understand the world and make better decisions in their daily lives.
- While it helps people understand the world and make better decisions in their daily lives.
- What helps people understand the world and make better decisions in their daily lives.
- Entertainment content is a powerful aspect of modern media.
- A powerful aspect is an entertainment content of modern media.
- Modern media has an entertainment content of powerful aspect.
- Modern media consists of entertainment content and a powerful aspect.
- aware
- informed
- confident
- active
SECTION C — Open cloze (Questions 51–55)
Fill each blank with ONE word.
Saying sorry is not something (51) ______ comes easily to many people… It's glib and without any real feeling, but it's a polite formula in certain (52) ______ situations. Powerful saying sorry is about real (53) ______ - it's honest and heartfelt. Traditionally, in Britain, saying sorry has been taken to mean backing (54) ______, losing the argument or being weak… We are learning that saying sorry is about allowing yourself to be vulnerable, which is actually a sign of strength, not (55) ______.
SECTION C — Reading comprehension (Questions 56–65)
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
No longer is asthma considered a condition with isolated, acute episodes of bronchospasm. Rather, asthma is now
understood to be a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways - that is, inflammation makes the airways chronically
sensitive. This shift in understanding has changed how asthma is diagnosed and treated. When these hyperresponsive
airways are irritated, airflow is limited, and attacks of coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and breathing difficulty
occur.
Asthma involves complex interactions among inflammatory cells, mediators, and the cells and tissues in the airways.
The interactions result in airflow limitation from acute bronchoconstriction, swelling of the airway wall, increased
mucus secretion, and airway remodeling. The inflammation also causes an increase in airway responsiveness. During
an asthma attack, the patient attempts to compensate by breathing at a higher lung volume in order to keep the air
flowing through the constricted airways, and the greater the airway limitation, the higher the lung volume must be to
keep airways open. The morphologic changes that occur in asthma include bronchial infiltration by inflammatory
cells. Key effector cells in the inflammatory response are the mast cells, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Mast cells
and eosinophils are also significant participants in allergic responses, hence the similarities between allergic reactions
and asthma attacks. Other changes include mucus plugging of the airways, interstitial edema, and microvascular
leakage. Destruction of bronchial epithelium and thickening of the subbasement membrane are also characteristic. In
addition, there may be hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, increase in goblet cell number, and
enlargement of submucous glands.
Although causes of the initial tendency toward inflammation in the airways of patients with asthma are not yet certain
to date, the strongest identified risk factor is atopy. [I] This inherited familial tendency to have allergic reactions
includes increased sensitivity to allergens that are risk factors for developing asthma. [II] Some of these allergens
include domestic dust mites, animals with fur, cockroaches, pollens, and molds. [III] By avoiding these allergens and
triggers, a person with asthma lowers his or her risk of irritating sensitive airways. [IV] A few avoidance techniques
include: keeping the home clean and well ventilated, using an air conditioner in the summer months when pollen and
mold counts are high, and getting an annual influenza vaccination. Of course, asthma sufferers should avoid tobacco
smoke altogether. Cigar, cigarette, or pipe smoke is a trigger whether the patient smokes or inhales the smoke from
others. Smoke increases the risk of allergic sensitization in children, increases the severity of symptoms, and may be
fatal in children who already have asthma.
Many of the risk factors for developing asthma may also provoke asthma attacks, and people with asthma may have
one or more triggers, which vary from individual to individual. The risk can be further reduced by taking medications
that decrease airway inflammation. Most exacerbations can be prevented by the combination of avoiding triggers and
taking anti-inflammatory medications. An exception is physical activity, which is a common trigger of exacerbations
in asthma patients. However, asthma patients should not necessarily avoid all physical exertion, because some types of
activity have been proven to reduce symptoms. Rather, they should work in conjunction with a doctor to design a
proper training regimen, which includes the use of medication.
In order to diagnose asthma, a healthcare professional must appreciate the underlying disorder that leads to asthma
symptoms and understand how to recognize the condition through information gathered from the patient's history,
physical examination, measurements of lung function, and allergic status. Because asthma symptoms vary throughout
the day, the respiratory system may appear normal during physical examination. Clinical signs are more likely to be
present when a patient is experiencing symptoms; however, the absence of symptoms upon examination does not
exclude the diagnosis of asthma.
understood to be a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways - that is, inflammation makes the airways chronically
sensitive. This shift in understanding has changed how asthma is diagnosed and treated. When these hyperresponsive
airways are irritated, airflow is limited, and attacks of coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and breathing difficulty
occur.
Asthma involves complex interactions among inflammatory cells, mediators, and the cells and tissues in the airways.
The interactions result in airflow limitation from acute bronchoconstriction, swelling of the airway wall, increased
mucus secretion, and airway remodeling. The inflammation also causes an increase in airway responsiveness. During
an asthma attack, the patient attempts to compensate by breathing at a higher lung volume in order to keep the air
flowing through the constricted airways, and the greater the airway limitation, the higher the lung volume must be to
keep airways open. The morphologic changes that occur in asthma include bronchial infiltration by inflammatory
cells. Key effector cells in the inflammatory response are the mast cells, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Mast cells
and eosinophils are also significant participants in allergic responses, hence the similarities between allergic reactions
and asthma attacks. Other changes include mucus plugging of the airways, interstitial edema, and microvascular
leakage. Destruction of bronchial epithelium and thickening of the subbasement membrane are also characteristic. In
addition, there may be hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, increase in goblet cell number, and
enlargement of submucous glands.
Although causes of the initial tendency toward inflammation in the airways of patients with asthma are not yet certain
to date, the strongest identified risk factor is atopy. [I] This inherited familial tendency to have allergic reactions
includes increased sensitivity to allergens that are risk factors for developing asthma. [II] Some of these allergens
include domestic dust mites, animals with fur, cockroaches, pollens, and molds. [III] By avoiding these allergens and
triggers, a person with asthma lowers his or her risk of irritating sensitive airways. [IV] A few avoidance techniques
include: keeping the home clean and well ventilated, using an air conditioner in the summer months when pollen and
mold counts are high, and getting an annual influenza vaccination. Of course, asthma sufferers should avoid tobacco
smoke altogether. Cigar, cigarette, or pipe smoke is a trigger whether the patient smokes or inhales the smoke from
others. Smoke increases the risk of allergic sensitization in children, increases the severity of symptoms, and may be
fatal in children who already have asthma.
Many of the risk factors for developing asthma may also provoke asthma attacks, and people with asthma may have
one or more triggers, which vary from individual to individual. The risk can be further reduced by taking medications
that decrease airway inflammation. Most exacerbations can be prevented by the combination of avoiding triggers and
taking anti-inflammatory medications. An exception is physical activity, which is a common trigger of exacerbations
in asthma patients. However, asthma patients should not necessarily avoid all physical exertion, because some types of
activity have been proven to reduce symptoms. Rather, they should work in conjunction with a doctor to design a
proper training regimen, which includes the use of medication.
In order to diagnose asthma, a healthcare professional must appreciate the underlying disorder that leads to asthma
symptoms and understand how to recognize the condition through information gathered from the patient's history,
physical examination, measurements of lung function, and allergic status. Because asthma symptoms vary throughout
the day, the respiratory system may appear normal during physical examination. Clinical signs are more likely to be
present when a patient is experiencing symptoms; however, the absence of symptoms upon examination does not
exclude the diagnosis of asthma.
What is the main idea of the passage?
- Asthma is a mild condition best treated through physical exercise…
- Asthma is a chronic disease with inflammatory, genetic, and environmental causes, requiring personalized diagnosis and management.
- Asthma mainly results from viral infections…
- Asthma patients should avoid exercise entirely…
What physiological response occurs… during an attack?
- They reduce their breathing rate…
- They breathe at a higher lung volume to maintain airflow.
- Their airways begin to dilate naturally…
- Their immune system produces antibodies…
Which is OPPOSITE in meaning to constricted?
- narrow
- restricted
- dilated
- hollow
Why is atopy considered a major concern…?
- It leads to increased lung capacity…
- It suppresses the immune system…
- It causes heightened sensitivity to allergens that are asthma triggers.
- It protects children…
Where does the sentence about viral respiratory infections best fit?
- [I]
- [II]
- [III]
- [IV]
Which is NOT recommended for people with asthma?
- Keeping homes well-ventilated
- Using air conditioners in summer
- Getting vaccinated for influenza
- Engaging in any kind of physical activity
Best replacement for exacerbations?
- allergies
- attacks
- triggers
- allergens
The word they refers to ______.
- patients
- triggers
- medications
- symptoms
Which can be inferred?
- All people with asthma share the same triggers…
- Asthma symptoms always appear during physical examinations.
- Asthma is best diagnosed based solely on physical signs…
- Diagnosis of asthma can be difficult because symptoms vary throughout the day.
Which is TRUE about physical activity?
- Asthma patients should avoid all forms of physical activity…
- Physical activity never triggers asthma attacks if… medication.
- Physical activity can trigger asthma but may also help reduce symptoms when managed properly.
- Doctors generally recommend that asthma patients stop exercising altogether…
SECTION C — Matching headings (Questions 66–70)
Choose the correct headings for sections A–E.
Why computer games are good for your child?
A. The idea of bringing computer games in the classroom seems likely to provoke detentions rather than learning. But
that's slowly changing. To some, they may be playing Sim City, to others, they are learning geography. To some, they
are playing fantasy football; to others they are learning maths and strategy skills. Gaming whether online, on a console
or on a computer is thought by many teachers and parents to be the classic signs of a modern wasted youth. Where
once it was snooker halls, now it's Lara Croft and her legions of imitators as the classic signs of a life frittered away.
B. But some educationalists beg to differ, saying that gaming extends and improves a whole range of skills and
aptitudes and can benefit learning. Indeed, in a survey for the technology and investment company Nesta Futurelab,
earlier this year, a third of teachers are already using computer games and believe they improved skills. Out of the
survey of 1000 teachers, 91% thought they developed motor and cognitive skills, and 60% believed they would
develop thinking skills and acquire specific knowledge. We are faced with a gaming generation of children who spend
their time and money on online and computer games. At the very least, this makes them technically literate - often
more so than their teachers, who can feel embarrassed on occasion by a perceived lack of skills compared to the kids
in front of them. A report last year by the University of Bristol found that teachers were happy using computers at
home, but would not take the risk of getting it wrong in front of a class of pupils and, partly as a result, some 30% of
teachers surveyed failed to make good use of computers in the classroom. But there is a growing feeling that games
can be useful learning tools and do, in fact, help children develop and can even build social skills (children prefer
gaming in small groups). For one thing, as any adult who has tried them will tell you, the games themselves are
actually hard, requiring a significant number of skills - hand-eye coordination, multi-tasking, strategy and the
management of complex variables, communication, literacy and problem-solving, on top of the necessary computer
skills.
C. Specific games can be used for specific subjects - schools do use Sim City (the simulation planning and strategy
game), either as special education versions or as the commercial product, to help teaching geography. Others prefer to
use games developed specifically for learning purposes. Researchers at the technology developers Nesta Futurelab
have, for example, developed Astroversity, a space rescue mission that gets children to collaborate in order to rescue
victims after a disaster in a space station. Even a football management game requires the ability to interrogate huge
databases of information and make complex decisions, and usually without the child noticing.
D. And that can be the beauty of games in the classroom - the problem of motivating students can disappear when they
are confronted with familiar and enjoyable tasks. It becomes far less difficult to persuade them to work on their own
and even in their own time. Pride and satisfaction become drivers in motivating children to perform well against each
other and provides a way for children to interact with each other (off-screen) with gaming leagues and the like. Of
course, assessment of game-based coursework can be difficult (not least if you insist that it isn't the winning that
matters) and the application of games to the national curriculum can be tenuous.
E. Of course, trying to co-opt games into the classroom is not without problems. For one, the games are built to obsess
users - getting them so absorbed that turning away is a real problem. Engagement can be great - up to a point. Getting
them to turn back to mainstream educational methods can be a problem and introducing such a youth culture into the
classroom can be an issue - pupils may take it less seriously and parents could be horrified. The selection of games too
can be an issue. Teaching citizenship via Grand Theft Auto may be a winner with some of the pupils but is likely to
provoke a rather unhappy reaction elsewhere. Violence generally is a problem of the selection process and needs
policing - in the same way as allowing children access to the web. Issues of the role of women in such games need to
be addressed before large-bosomed heroines with machine guns become teaching aids.
https://www.theguardian.com/education/btchildsafetyonline/story
List of headings
i. Educational applications of subject-specific games
ii. How gaming reduces the importance of academic competition 66. Paragraph A
iii. Teachers rejecting gaming due to skill deficiency 67. Paragraph B
iv. Difficulties in using games in school 68. Paragraph C
v. Gaming completely replaces traditional learning methods 69. Paragraph D
vi. Shifting perceptions of gaming in the classroom 70. Paragraph E
vii. Simulation games for educational development and classroom discussion
viii. The future of education technology
ix. Motivational benefits and challenges of games in education
x. The educational value and challenges of game-based learning
Your answers:
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
A. The idea of bringing computer games in the classroom seems likely to provoke detentions rather than learning. But
that's slowly changing. To some, they may be playing Sim City, to others, they are learning geography. To some, they
are playing fantasy football; to others they are learning maths and strategy skills. Gaming whether online, on a console
or on a computer is thought by many teachers and parents to be the classic signs of a modern wasted youth. Where
once it was snooker halls, now it's Lara Croft and her legions of imitators as the classic signs of a life frittered away.
B. But some educationalists beg to differ, saying that gaming extends and improves a whole range of skills and
aptitudes and can benefit learning. Indeed, in a survey for the technology and investment company Nesta Futurelab,
earlier this year, a third of teachers are already using computer games and believe they improved skills. Out of the
survey of 1000 teachers, 91% thought they developed motor and cognitive skills, and 60% believed they would
develop thinking skills and acquire specific knowledge. We are faced with a gaming generation of children who spend
their time and money on online and computer games. At the very least, this makes them technically literate - often
more so than their teachers, who can feel embarrassed on occasion by a perceived lack of skills compared to the kids
in front of them. A report last year by the University of Bristol found that teachers were happy using computers at
home, but would not take the risk of getting it wrong in front of a class of pupils and, partly as a result, some 30% of
teachers surveyed failed to make good use of computers in the classroom. But there is a growing feeling that games
can be useful learning tools and do, in fact, help children develop and can even build social skills (children prefer
gaming in small groups). For one thing, as any adult who has tried them will tell you, the games themselves are
actually hard, requiring a significant number of skills - hand-eye coordination, multi-tasking, strategy and the
management of complex variables, communication, literacy and problem-solving, on top of the necessary computer
skills.
C. Specific games can be used for specific subjects - schools do use Sim City (the simulation planning and strategy
game), either as special education versions or as the commercial product, to help teaching geography. Others prefer to
use games developed specifically for learning purposes. Researchers at the technology developers Nesta Futurelab
have, for example, developed Astroversity, a space rescue mission that gets children to collaborate in order to rescue
victims after a disaster in a space station. Even a football management game requires the ability to interrogate huge
databases of information and make complex decisions, and usually without the child noticing.
D. And that can be the beauty of games in the classroom - the problem of motivating students can disappear when they
are confronted with familiar and enjoyable tasks. It becomes far less difficult to persuade them to work on their own
and even in their own time. Pride and satisfaction become drivers in motivating children to perform well against each
other and provides a way for children to interact with each other (off-screen) with gaming leagues and the like. Of
course, assessment of game-based coursework can be difficult (not least if you insist that it isn't the winning that
matters) and the application of games to the national curriculum can be tenuous.
E. Of course, trying to co-opt games into the classroom is not without problems. For one, the games are built to obsess
users - getting them so absorbed that turning away is a real problem. Engagement can be great - up to a point. Getting
them to turn back to mainstream educational methods can be a problem and introducing such a youth culture into the
classroom can be an issue - pupils may take it less seriously and parents could be horrified. The selection of games too
can be an issue. Teaching citizenship via Grand Theft Auto may be a winner with some of the pupils but is likely to
provoke a rather unhappy reaction elsewhere. Violence generally is a problem of the selection process and needs
policing - in the same way as allowing children access to the web. Issues of the role of women in such games need to
be addressed before large-bosomed heroines with machine guns become teaching aids.
https://www.theguardian.com/education/btchildsafetyonline/story
List of headings
i. Educational applications of subject-specific games
ii. How gaming reduces the importance of academic competition 66. Paragraph A
iii. Teachers rejecting gaming due to skill deficiency 67. Paragraph B
iv. Difficulties in using games in school 68. Paragraph C
v. Gaming completely replaces traditional learning methods 69. Paragraph D
vi. Shifting perceptions of gaming in the classroom 70. Paragraph E
vii. Simulation games for educational development and classroom discussion
viii. The future of education technology
ix. Motivational benefits and challenges of games in education
x. The educational value and challenges of game-based learning
Your answers:
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
Paragraph A
Paragraph B
Paragraph C
Paragraph D
Paragraph E
SECTION C — T/F sculpture (Questions 71–75)
Decide whether the statements are True (T) or False (F).
MODERN AND POST-MODERN SCULPTURE
Modern sculpture has its origins in the work of Frenchman Auguste Rodin. Born into a modest family in 1840, Rodin
began his creative journey in the 1860s, a journey that would lead to him being remembered as the 'bridge' between
traditional and modern sculpture. Before Rodin, sculpture told stories about the past: religion, history, myth and
literature. Sculptures typically left little to the imagination. Figures tended to be idealised in some way to avoid any
imperfections of the model. Rodin can be considered a realist in that he refused to improve on what he saw in front of
him. He considered all of nature beautiful and if a model was old and wrinkled, he would be portrayed as such.
Moreover, like much of the art that he helped inspire for later generations, his work spoke to the emotions and
imagination: both his and his viewers'. The stories he told were internal and conceptual and there was no right or
wrong way to interpret them.
Rodin was inspired by the fragments of Greek and Roman sculpture that were being discovered by archaeologists
during his time. He was one of the first sculptors to treat fragments or parts of figures as complete works of art. One of
his most famous works is Large hand of a pianist. In this piece he demonstrated one of the characteristics of Modern
Art - to make visible things that are not, such as energy, sound and rhythm. He sculpted elongated fingers to make
visible music being played effortlessly. Groundbreaking for its time, this concept has been taken forward by sculptors
right up to the present day.
Rodin worked mainly in bronze and was fascinated by the effect of light on irregular surfaces. In particular, he realised
that light bouncing off textured bronze surfaces could create the illusion of movement. He pioneered two new
techniques: marcottage and assemblage. Marcottage means creating a new work by putting together pieces from
different existing works. Assemblage, which was further developed later by artists like Picasso, began with Rodin's
technique of repeatedly casting the same figure and using multiple casts to create a new piece.
71. Before Rodin, sculpture was very realistic.
72. Rodin expected people to interpret his sculptures in their own way.
73. Rodin felt that incomplete figures were still artistic works.
74. The techniques called Marcottage and assemblage had been devised before Rodin developed them.
75. Rodin believed the surfaces of sculptures should be smooth.
Your answers:
71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
Modern sculpture has its origins in the work of Frenchman Auguste Rodin. Born into a modest family in 1840, Rodin
began his creative journey in the 1860s, a journey that would lead to him being remembered as the 'bridge' between
traditional and modern sculpture. Before Rodin, sculpture told stories about the past: religion, history, myth and
literature. Sculptures typically left little to the imagination. Figures tended to be idealised in some way to avoid any
imperfections of the model. Rodin can be considered a realist in that he refused to improve on what he saw in front of
him. He considered all of nature beautiful and if a model was old and wrinkled, he would be portrayed as such.
Moreover, like much of the art that he helped inspire for later generations, his work spoke to the emotions and
imagination: both his and his viewers'. The stories he told were internal and conceptual and there was no right or
wrong way to interpret them.
Rodin was inspired by the fragments of Greek and Roman sculpture that were being discovered by archaeologists
during his time. He was one of the first sculptors to treat fragments or parts of figures as complete works of art. One of
his most famous works is Large hand of a pianist. In this piece he demonstrated one of the characteristics of Modern
Art - to make visible things that are not, such as energy, sound and rhythm. He sculpted elongated fingers to make
visible music being played effortlessly. Groundbreaking for its time, this concept has been taken forward by sculptors
right up to the present day.
Rodin worked mainly in bronze and was fascinated by the effect of light on irregular surfaces. In particular, he realised
that light bouncing off textured bronze surfaces could create the illusion of movement. He pioneered two new
techniques: marcottage and assemblage. Marcottage means creating a new work by putting together pieces from
different existing works. Assemblage, which was further developed later by artists like Picasso, began with Rodin's
technique of repeatedly casting the same figure and using multiple casts to create a new piece.
71. Before Rodin, sculpture was very realistic.
72. Rodin expected people to interpret his sculptures in their own way.
73. Rodin felt that incomplete figures were still artistic works.
74. The techniques called Marcottage and assemblage had been devised before Rodin developed them.
75. Rodin believed the surfaces of sculptures should be smooth.
Your answers:
71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
Before Rodin, sculpture was very realistic.
Rodin expected people to interpret his sculptures in their own way.
Rodin felt that incomplete figures were still artistic works.
Marcottage and assemblage had been devised before Rodin developed them.
Rodin believed the surfaces of sculptures should be smooth.
SECTION D. WRITING — Transformation (Questions 76–80)
Rewrite the sentences. For 79–80 use the word given.
They believed that Oliver failed his exam because he was nervous. → Oliver’s failure in his exam was put ______.
Without her colleagues’ assistance, she could not have finished her work. → Had ______.
Tim can’t believe that his brother passed the exam. → Tim finds ______.
…take water… wells and springs are few… (LEST) → Travelers to this area are ______ unable to find a well or spring.
Sally became known throughout the country… (HOUSEHOLD) → Sally ______ a result of her popular TV series.
SECTION D — Paragraph (Question 81)
Write a paragraph of about 150 words.
In a number of families, children are given the freedom to pursue their own passions. What are the advantages of this? Write about 150 words.